Reverse osmosis

Reverse osmosis (RO) is increasingly used as a separation technique in chemical and environmental engineering for the removal of organics and organic pollutants present in waste water. Treatment of organics by RO is dependent on many factors and hence developing a viable RO system involves extensive

A membrane fouling index such as the silt density index (SDI) and modified fouling index (MFI) is an important parameter in design and operation of reverse osmosis (RO) and nanofiltration (NF) membrane processes for desalination. Nevertheless, SDI and MFI often fail to predict actual membrane foulin

The significance of dissolved organic matter (DOMs) in membrane fouling has been also increasingly noted in desalination plants using reverse osmosis (RO) and nanofiltration (NF). Nevertheless, little information is available on the interactions between DOM and other foulants such as inorganic scale

The physiochemical properties of 17 widely used commercial RO and NF polyamide (PA) membranes were fully characterized by atomic force microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, contact angle measurement, streaming potential analysis, and flux and rejection performance tests. The surface properti

The physiochemical properties of reserve osmosis (RO) and nanofiltration (NF) polyamide (PA) membranes are largely determined by their PA chemistry and coatings, if any. Knowledge on such inherent relationship is critically needed in advancing membrane technology. This paper presents a consistent an

Arsenic poisoning in drinking water is a health issue in many Asian countries including Bangladesh, India, China and Vietnam. In areas where the drinking water supply contains unsafe levels of arsenic, technologies to remove arsenic are of prime importance. Many technologies have been developed for

Exergy analysis is a powerful tool to determine inefficiencies of a process and to evaluate the performance. The reverse osmosis (RO) plant of Al-Hussein thermal power station was analyzed thermodynamically using actual plant data. Exergy flow rates are evaluated throughout the plant. The rates of e

Scaling and fouling of membranes are an on-going performance issue for most plants This presentation outlines innovations in speciality chemicals designed to inhibit membrane scaling and fouling and to clean membranes where deposition has occurred. There is an increasing trend to treat recycled wast

The pretreatment of raw seawater is necessary to minimize the organic fouling of seawater reverse osmosis (SWRO) membranes. To predict the membrane fouling of the pretreated seawater, the modified fouling index (MFI) with ultrafiltration (UF) was investigated in terms of molecular weight distributio

The objective of this work was to replace the conventional pretreatment of reverse osmosis by coupling ultrafiltration with adsorption onto activated coffee-like adsorbent material. Adsorption was achieved on activated carbon prepared from a waste of coffee. A protocol of preparation is described as