Desalination

In most arid countries the scarcity of conventional fresh water supplies infers a serious threat to sustainable and balanced socio-economic growth and development. This threat is clearly more pronounced in the less developed countries. However, the mining of non-conventional seawater and wastewater

Thermal desalination plants consume large quantities of heat energy for seawater evaporation. In condensing water vapor procured in evaporators and cooling distillate, a major part of heat energy is lost in the environment. Heat energy in processes of condensation and evaporation in desalination of

The Aral Sea Basin, which is shared by 5 countries of the former Soviet Union — Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tadjikistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan is well known to the world due to the large scale water development in the Soviet period, which caused many ecological problems in the region. One of them

The states of North Africa without an exception are, or will soon be, facing serious water supply shortages due to an imbalance between limited water resources and rapidly increasing water demands. The region’s population has increased from just over 40 M in 1950 to over 150 M in 2000 with an even l

Disposal of the desalination blow-down to the sea has detrimental affects to the benthic environment. The blow-down consists of highly concentrated salts. This work proposes an environmentally beneficial process for the production of some chemicals from the salt concentrates. The process involves a

Several copper-nickel based alloys commonly used as condenser and heat exchanger materials in desalination plants were evaluated against corrosion and deterioration. The evaluation against the corrosion and deterioration was conducted in a simulated pollution impact of the oil spill and oil fires in

In the early 1970s, Mekorot was among the first to investigate and actually implement the RO process as an alternative to the much higher energy-intensive and more expensive thermal processes. Mekorot, assisted by Israeli universities and in cooperation with leading membrane manufacturers and other

Nowadays an oil crisis is going on. The impact of rising fuel prices of all energy sources, except renewable ones is destructive. It is an opportunity and a challenge to promote renewable energies by application of the existing technology and simultaneously by intensive research to lower costs and i

Silica is one of the major foulants in desalination of brackish water. Its presence limits the water recovery and in addition once foulant is formed, the removal and cleaning is almost impossible. Therefore, the aim is to prevent silica fouling from the inception. One of the many complicating factor

Desalination plays an important role in producing pure water from brackish water. Reverse osmosis (RO) is by far the most efficient way to remove colloidal and dissolved silica, which can be found in high concentrations in brackish water. The presence of silica and its ability to foul membranes limi