Desalination

More than 90% of the population of the Gaza Strip depends on desalinated water for drinking purposes. About 90% of the groundwater is unacceptable for drinking as a result of contamination by nitrate and chloride. One of the major options for resolving the water problems is the utilization of desali

We proposed a newly designed, maritime lifesaving small distiller consisting of a windmill and a number of horizontal concentric cylindrical partitions in contact with saline-soaked wicks. The wind energy is directly converted to frictional thermal energy in a liquid heat medium forming a thin layer

In this paper, an attempt has been made to study a single stage solar desalination system to get a daily yield of 10 l of potable water. The experimental system consists of a flat plate collector, an evaporator, a single stage vacuum pump and a condenser. The input parameters such as solar irradianc

Direct contact membrane distillation (MD) by means of composite membranes with a PVA/PEG hydrophilic layer on a hydrophobic PVDF substrate has been developed for desalination. The effects of brine temperature, salt concentration, running time and the addition of ethanol on the flux of composite memb

A brackish water desalination plant in California that incorporates RO, NF, and EDR units was analyzed thermodynamically using actual plant operation data. Exergy flow rates were evaluated throughout the plant, and the exergy flow diagrams were prepared. The rates of exergy destruction and their per

The transient performance of a stepped solar still with built-in latent heat thermal energy storage was studied. The still was designed for heating and humidification of agriculture greenhouses (GH) in remote areas. The solar still consists of five stepped basins with an inclined glass cover and is

This study investigated the feasibility of the once-through (OT) MSF design for constructing large-capacity desalting plants rather than the conventional brine recycle (BR) MSF configuration. This was to explore the possibility of improving MSF process economics through the application of a simpler

Nanofiltration membranes (NF) have applications in several areas. One of the main applications has been in water treatment for drinking water production as well as wastewater treatment. NF can either be used to treat all kinds of water including ground, surface, and wastewater or used as a pretreatm

For the majority of the Greek islands, water resources are quite restricted, limiting the economic development of the local societies. To face increased potable water requirements, more than 2,500,000 m3 of clean water is transferred annually to these islands at a cost approaching the value of 7 i/m