Fouling

The effect of ion beam irradiation on the performance of two commercial water treatment membranes was studied. The results of this testing indicate that the irradiation induced structure modifications had a positive impact on the membranes application to wastewater treatment. Irradiation of the firs

Destabilization-flocculation is often used as a pretreatment before ultrafiltration of drinking water and secondary wastewater effluent. The fouling of ultrafiltration membranes by colloidal iron hydroxide-oxide has been studied by measuring the pore streaming potential of a series polysulfone type

AFM has been proved to be a rapid method of assessing membrane–solute interactions (fouling) of membranes under process conditions. The interactions of developmental membranes (SPEEK/PSU and PSU) with different solutes have been directly measured and linked to process performance. Correlation of the

Proper sizing and scale-up of normal flow filtration devices requires an understanding of the effects of membrane fouling on system capacity. The Vmax test is often used to accelerate testing and reduce the required process volume, but the underlying assumption that fouling occurs by uniform constri

Natural Organic Matter (NOM) is abundant in natural waters and is one of the major fouling agents during membrane filtration of surface water. This work addresses the evaluation of the influence of the membrane pore size on the permeation characteristics of humic acid solutions. Five cellulose aceta

The aim of this work is to develop a predictive control algorithm to improve the productivity of an ultrafiltration pilot plant producing drinking water from surface raw water. The objective is to avoid irreversible fouling, that means to get a constant quality of the membrane after backwash and at

A theoretical study is developed for the modelling of mass accumulation from the polarised layer to the formation of a deposit. Concentrated suspension properties are accounted for through a solid pressure corresponding to osmotic pressure in the suspension and to compression resistance in the depos

The morphology of a typical microfiltration membrane is a random, irregular, three-dimensional, and interconnected network. In this study, a realistic model of microporous membrane was obtained using Confocal Scanning Laser Microscopy (CSLM). CSLM allows accurate and non-destructive membrane section

The effect of temperature on the retention in nanofiltration of model substances (glucose) and substances in industrial streams has been studied in the temperature interval 25ºC to 65ºC. An increase in temperature decreased the retention until a critical temperature of the membrane was exceeded. Aft

An amphoteric chitosan derivative, containing carboxymethyl (–COOH) groups and amine (–NH2) groups, had been prepared. FT-IR spectra confirmed the presence of γsymCOO (1408 cm–1) and γasCOO (1584 cm–1) on the structural units of the chitosan derivative, and 13C NMR spectra revealed that carboxy meth